ABSTRACT
Background: Physical activity combined with some herbal supplementations can affect body energy metabolism, blood lipids and physical fitness levels. However, the effect of exercise training combined with fenugreek on lipid metabolism and body composition in patients with type2 diabetes is unknown
Objective: The aim of present study was to investigate the effects of eight weeks' endurance training along with fenugreek seed supplement on lipid profile, body composition, insulin resistance and VO2max in obese women with type2 diabetes
Methods: For conducting present study, 40 obese women with type2 diabetes and mean age 44.2 +/- 2.5 years and body mass index [BMI] 32.58+/-1.67 kg/m2 assigned in four groups [each group 10 person] include Placebo, Fenugreek, Exercise training and Exercise training+Fenugreek groups. Running endurance training program performed for eight weeks, three sessions in a week and 30-55 minutes in each session. Training intensity increased from %45 reserve heart rate in the first week to %65 reserve heart rate in the last week. Subjects in Fenugreek and Exercise training+ Fenugreek groups consumed daily 15g fenugreek seeds mixed with yogurt in three meals [each meal five g] include morning, noon and night
Results: results indicate a significant decrease of percent body fat and significant increase of VO2max in both trained groups [P<0.05]. Moreover, lipid profile improvement and glucose and insulin resistance decrease in Exercise training groups were significant. In addition, HDL-c increase and LDL-c decrease in Exercise+Fenugreek group was also significant compared to Exercise alone
Conclusion: Fenugreek consumption increases the endurance training induced adaptations in obese women afflicted with type 2 diabetes
ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: resistance training exercise is one of the most common methods in fitness programs and health programs for athletes and therapists. Manipulation of every variable of training, such as rest intervals changes the adaptation and lead to the acquisition of more strength, higher endurance or biochemical changes in the body or cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of two resistance exercise [RE] protocols with different rest intervals [RI] on serum homocysteine and CRP concentrations
Material and Methods: this study included sedentary men between 19-28years of age who were randomly divided into 3 groups: two experimental groups including RE with RI of 90 [n=10] seconds and RE with RI of 180 seconds [n=10], and a control group [n=10]. Exercise protocol included 8 exercises with intensity of 50% of 1RM in the first session and 85% of 1RM in the last session. The participants' weight, body fat percentage and body mass index were measured before and after intervention. In addition fasting homocysteine and CRP levels were measured by use of ELISA method before and after the exercise program for the 3 groups. ANOVA test was used to analyze the data. We used Benferoni statistical test in order to determine and arrange the mean differences within every group
Results: the results showed that resistance training for eight weeks with different RI can lead to significant decrease in the levels of homocysteine and CRP in healthy sedentary men
Conclusion: circuit resistance training with different RI decreased the serum levels of homocysteine and CRP in the healthy sedentary men. Therefore, these exercises may decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases
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Background: Plants and their phytochemicals have immense potential for the management of different types of wound. Salvia multicaulis Vahl. is an evergreen shrub species, which traditionally used as a wound healing agent
Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate phytochemicals and wound healing activity of S. multicaulis in an excision wound model
Methods: Preliminary phytochemical screening tests were performed on the methanol [80%] extract. Total phenolic content was measured using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Antioxidant activity of the extract was assessed by [DPPH] free radical scavenging test. 2x2 excision wounds were induced in the dorsal area of 30 Wistar rats. Animals were received topical eucerine, 1% phenytoin as well as 5%, 10% and 20% ointments of the plant extract in eucerine base. Wound areas were photographed and wound contraction was calculated as the reduction percentage of wound size compared with zero days. Last day skin samples of wounded area were used for histological evaluations
Results: Collagen deposition for positive control group and A20% were low fibrils and A10% high fibrils and A5% highest fibrils. Total phenolic content was 262.083 +/- 47.15 mg GAE/g extract. IC50 was 54.02 micro g/mL. All concentrations of the extract ointments were significantly effective in the animal model of excision wound [P<0.05] which was also confirmed in histological study
Conclusion: It is concluded that S. multicaulis extract could act as a wound healing agent. This activity is possibly due the high concentrations of phenolic compounds
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In diagnostic radiology there are two reasons for measuring or estimating radiation doses to patients. Firstly measurements provide a means for setting and checking standards of good practice as an aid to the optimization of patient protection. Secondly estimates of the absorbed dose to tissue and organs in the patients. A total of 2382 patients were studied to calculate the Entrance Surface Air Kerma [ESAK] following seven radiographic examinations including: chest [PA, Lat], lumbar spines [AP, Lat], pelvis [AP], abdomen [AP], skull [PA, Lat], thoracic spine [AP, Lat] and cervical spines [AP, Lat]. The ESAKs values were measured according to x- ray tube output, optimized exposure parameters and body thickness [tp] for each technique. The parameters such as, 1st quartile, mean, median, 3rd quartile, minimum, maximum and standard deviation of each ESAK values are reported and compared to NRPB guide levels. The results showed that the ESAKs values in the lumbar spines and chest X-ray examinations were 30% above the guide levels. However, for the pelvis [AP], skull [PA] and abdomen [AP] examinations, these values were below than those reported by the NRPB. Periodic quality control and monitoring the technical performance of radiographers might effectively improve the image quality and eventually reducing the dose received by patients
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Statement of Problem: Information about etiology and incidence of maxillofacial trauma is important for prevention and appropriate treatments of such injuries
Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective study was to conduct an analysis of maxillofacial injuries transferred and/or referred to the department of maxillofacial Surgery at Chamran emergency hospital, Shiraz, over a 6-year-period with special reference to age, gender, occupation, date, type, site, etiology and clinical management
Materials and Method: The data for this study were collected and reviewed retrospectively from the records and radiographs of 768 patients who were treated for maxillofacial trauma in the department of maxillofacial surgery at the Shiraz Chamran Emergency Hospital, Iran, between 2004 and 2010
Results: A total of 730 of the subjects were the patients with fractures of the facial skeleton. The mean age was 26.6 +/- 12.6 years, ranging from 2 to 81 years. Traffic accident was the most frequent etiological factor of maxillofacial fractures irrespective of gender [69.9% for men and 54.2% for women], whereas the second most frequent cause of injuries was falling down [9.8% for men and 21.5% for women] .The other etiologies were assault [5.2%], sport related injuries [1.3%] and firearm injuries [1%]. Regarding the head injuries in patients with maxillofacial fractures, brain contusion was seen in 227[29.6%] patients and 13.5% of patients had lacerations in the facial soft tissue. The monthly distribution peaked in October, with 81 cases [10.5%], which seems to have been due to schools opening. The next highest incidence was in December, with 80 cases [10.4%], probably because of the changing weather's effect on road traffic
Conclusion: Isolated mandibular fracture due to the road traffic accident was the most common type of maxillofacial injuries in the city of Shiraz
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Seeking health information is of salient importance in management of cardiovascular diseases [CVDs]. The present study aimed to explore and reveal the information needs of patients with cardiovascular diseases when seeking healthcare information. Our data sources were patients', family caregivers' and healthcare providers' experiences
Method: In a qualitative research approach, content analysis method was used. There were 31 participants comprising 16 cardiovascular patients, 5 family caregivers, and 10 healthcare providers. Required data were gathered through semi-structured interviews and purposeful sampling, and continued until data saturation. Analysis of data was performed concurrently with data collection and through a comparative method
Results: Four central themes including disease-related, healthcare-related, health system-related and life-related information needs emerged out of content analysis
Conclusion: The results showed that information seeking in patients with cardiovascular diseases is holistic and is beyond physical health and the disease. Some of the important findings of this study are seeking information about prognosis, role playing, mental and sexual health, healthcare system performance, modern medicine, Islamic and traditional medicine. Therefore, providing information through various modes of communication for meeting patient needs, having their participation in decisions for treatment, and optimal management of life is necessary
ABSTRACT
Determining what people know and believe about periodontal health and disease is important in order to establish prevention practices. This study aimed to assess knowledge of and attitudes towards periodontal health among adults in Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran. We conducted a cross-sectional face-to-face interview survey in 2011 of 791 adults aged 18-50 years using a stratified, multistage sampling method. We recorded demographic characteristics including age, sex, education, marital status, employment and economic status [housing density]. The lowest percentage of correct answers was related to the definition of dental plaque [11.6%] and the highest was for the role of the dental visit in prevention [92.8%]. Female sex, university education and higher economic status were significantly associated with a higher mean score on periodontal health knowledge. The regression analysis showed that positive attitudes were associated with higher periodontal health knowledge and having university education. In this study positive attitudes towards prevention were related to better knowledge
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Cross-Sectional Studies , PeriodonticsABSTRACT
Introduction: Unstable angina, ischemic disease is almost the most dangerous, and now more than half of the cases admitted to the cardiac intensive care unit are included. Anxiety is usually high in these patients, leading to worsening disease. To compare two methods of surface relaxation and massage strokes behind the anxiety level of hospitalized patients with unstable angina was part CCU
Method: This study is a clinical trial of Imam Khomeini [ra] was Poldokhtar 1391, 114 patients with unstable angina based on inclusion criteria and were randomly divided into three groups Tessellation method of intervention [both groups and control group] were assigned. collect data in this study included demographic characteristic and the Spielberger Anxiety Inventory. intervention group, Massage S.S. B.M And the relaxation times in the first 2 days of hospitalization each day for 10 min and 20 min, respectively, at 8-6, was carried out. In the control group there was no intervention. Levels of anxiety before and immediately after the intervention [massage, relaxation] and the control group were measured and recorded at the same time. Descriptive statistics such as frequency distribution and statistical parameters such as mean, standard deviation and range and interpretation of statistics [analysis], such as analysis of covariance, Anu Wa and Tukey test were used to analyze the data
Results: The findings showed that the average level of anxiety before and after the massage strokes back [P<0.001], there was no significant difference. The mean anxiety before and after relaxation [P<0.001], there was also a significant difference. The mean difference between anxiety and vital signs before and after the two groups was significant [P<0.001]. Masazhastrvk surface behind Benson relaxation in reducing anxiety in patients with unstable angina and the effect of massage strokes behind the surface, most of the Benson Relaxation
Conclusion: The results indicate the effectiveness of the surface Masazhastrvk and relaxation in reducing anxiety in patients with unstable angina, respectively. Masazhastrvk impact surface was further back than Benson relaxation. According to the results of two methods of anxiety management practices accepted as a simple and reliable learning can be used by nurses
ABSTRACT
Premature neonates are at risk for severe anemia and erythropoietin is the most important hormone in erythropoiesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of oral recombinant human erythropoietin [rhEPO] in proving erythropoiesis in neonates. This was a randomized clinical trial study. Thirty neonates were enrolled from September 2007 to September 2008. The first group received oral rhEPO and Fe and the second, subcutaneous rhEPO and Fe. The patients' Hb, HCT and the need to blood transfusion were recorded. We included all infants with gestational age <34 weeks, birth weight <1500 gr, without respiratory distress [O[2] Saturation> 85%, FiO[2] of 30%], full feeding tolerance so that oral Fe can be administrated. In first group [oral=PO], 65% of neonates were female and 35% were male, mean weight was 1140 g and mean GA was 32.6 weeks. In the second group [subcutaneous=SC], 42% were female and 58% were male. The mean weight was 1245 g and mean GA was 31.2 weeks and this was not statistically significant. In the first group, the mean Hb and HCT were 9.7 +/- 1.9 and 29.6 +/- 5.9 g/dl. In the second group, the figures were 12.5 +/- 1.7 and 38.8 +/- 5.1 which were statistically significant. There was no difference in the weight gain between two groups. In the first group, 3 neonates [20%] and in the second one, 1 neonate [15%] needed blood transfusion. rhEPO administration either PO or SC could prevent anemia of prematurity but SC rout was more effective
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Male , Anemia/drug therapy , Infant, Premature , Recombinant Proteins , Erythropoietin/administration & dosageABSTRACT
Egg yolk is the most commonly used cryoprotective agent for sperm cryopreservation of several species. The objective of this experiment was to compare the effectiveness of egg yolk from four avian species [domestic chicken, duck, turkey and pigeon] on sperm quality following cryopreservation of the ram semen. Ejaculates were collected, using an electroejaculator, from six fertile rams. Samples were diluted in a tris-citric acid-fructose extender containing egg yolk [15%] and glycerol [5%]. Diluted samples were cooled slowly to 5°C over 2 h and equilibrated at that temperature for 2 h. Aliquots of samples were loaded into 0.5 ml straws and frozen in liquid nitrogen vapor for 15 min and stored in liquid nitrogen. Post-thaw progressive motility, live/dead ratio and acrosomal integrity of 200 sperm per slide stained with eosin-nigrosin and giemsa, were evaluated at 0, 2 and 4 h after thawing. Pigeon egg yolk had the most cryoprotective effect in terms of progressive motility, livability and acrosomal integrity [P<0.05]. There was a significant decrease [P<0.05] in progressive motility, livability and acrosomal integrity up to 4 h after thawing. The results indicated that pigeon egg yolk might be superior to chicken egg yolk for cryopreservation of ram spermatozoa in tris-citric acid-fructose yolk extender, however, further experiments are needed to evaluate its effects on fertility
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Spermatozoa , Egg Yolk , BirdsABSTRACT
Leeches biting is of newfangled zoonosis parasitic disease that the most dangerous complication with their biting is incidence of anemia. There have not been found a drug for treatment the leech's complications in the pharmacopeia of different nations. Onion and Garlic are of the most widely used plants in the traditional medicine for treatment of antiparasite plants. This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of methanol extracts of Allium sativum L. and Allium cepa L. on Limnatis nilotica. In this experimental study the anti Limnatis nilotica effects of garlic methanol extract [Allium sativum L.] and onion methanol extract [Allium cepa L.] on leech, were investigated by anti leech assay. The anti leech assay was carried out in a container contain of 600 ml spring water and a leech in that. The time of paralysis and death was recorded for 720 minutes. Each experiment was repeated for 9 times. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. The results showed that the garlic methanol extract with dose of 300 mg with the mean death time of 80.44 +/- 8.61 minutes and levamisole with the average death time of 8.77 +/- 2.72 minutes caused the leeches to death [P<0.05]. Treatments of onion methanol extract with dose of 300, 600 and 1200 mg and distilled water hadn't any effect on leeches [P<0.05]. Considering the normality of garlic extract and the short time that it causes the leeches to death, it might be used as an edible plant with the anti leech effect
ABSTRACT
Transcutaneous feeding is suggested for very low birth weight infants. This study evaluates the effect of massage with coconut oil on weight gaining in preterm newborns. This quasi-experimental study was conducted from Aug 2007 to Mar 2008 in Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Seventy three newborns were randomly assigned to three groups. Weight of newborns was measured daily during the study in three groups: A [massage with coconut oil], B [massage only], C [control group] by a nurse who was blind to the study. There was a significant difference between three groups in weight gaining after intervention. The results of Tukey test indicated that difference between groups A and B, A and C was significant but there was not a significant difference between group B and C. Massage with coconut oil had a positive effect on weight gaining in preterm newborns
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child Development , Plant Oils , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Administration, Cutaneous , Treatment Outcome , Feeding Methods , Cocos , Weight Gain , Infant, PrematureABSTRACT
In this research, landfill leachate treatment in Karaj city was investigated by a linked septic tank and aerated lagoon. At first, characteristics of the leachate were determined. Then a pilot plant with anaerobic-aerobic [Septic tank and Aerated lagoon] parts was installed and started. Results showed that Chemical Oxygen Demand [COD] removal efficiency for septic tank and subsequently to lagoon for influent COD of 19537 mg/L, were 8401 and 432 mg/L, respectively. The septic tank and aerated lagoon also operated with different flow rates and the best results for septic tank and aerated lagoon obtained in 23.6 L/day and 9.3 L/day respectively with maximum COD removal efficiency of 91.2%. According to the obtained results, the hybrid system had 90% COD removal efficiency. Therefore, leachate COD loading could be effectively removed in this system
Subject(s)
Water Purification , Biological Oxygen Demand AnalysisABSTRACT
The exposure of human being to ionize radiation from natural sources is a continuing, inescapable feature of life on earth. Direct measurement of absorbed dose rates in air has been carried out in many countries of the world during the last few decades. Such investigations can be useful for assessment of public dose rates, the performance of epidemiological studies, and keeping reference-data records to ascertain possible changes in the environmental radioactivity duo to nuclear, industrial, and other human activities. The measurements of the outdoor and indoor- environmental exposures including cosmic and terrestrial components were accomplished by a portable Geiger Muller detector [RDS -110]. The measurements were made during daylight from September to October 2009, in five areas within nine big cities of Lorestan province. In each area, one building was randomly selected for indoor and outdoor measurements. Measurements were made for each region and an average value was used to calculate the exposure rate from gamma background radiation. The results showed the Maximum and minimum outdoor dose rates as 166 +/- 44 and 65 +/- 8 nSvhr[1] in Borujerd and Pol-e- dokhtar, respectively. The average of outdoor dose rates was determined 113 +/- 26 nSvhr[-1]. Also the maximum and minimum values of indoor dose were 157 +/- 52 and 74 +/- 14 nSvhr[-1] in Borujerd and Pol-e-dokhtar, respectively. The average indoor dose rates were determined as 119 +/- 27 nSvhr[1]. The average annual effective dose for gamma background radiation in Lorestan province has been 0.72 mSv, with the range of 0.3- 0.6 mSv which was more than the global value [0.48 mSv]. A poor correlation coefficient between was observed altitude and absorbed dose rates
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Reactive dyestuff has potential of toxicity, carcinogenesis and mutagenesis for mammals and aquatic organisms. The current physical and chemical methods such as adsorption, coagulation, precipitation, filtration and. can been used for removing of dyestuff. Biological treatment which is effective and economic for decontamination of dyestuff wastewaters was preferred because of limitation and difficulty of physicochemical methods. In order to investigate the trend of pollution reduction of color compounds, ability of Remazol Black-B dyestuff removal from aqueous medium by bacterial consortium under anoxic conditions was studied. The mix culture of bacteria from textile industries activated sludge was enriched in luria broth medium containing RB-B dyestuff as a carbon source. Then biodegradation was assessed in 4 batch reactors. Microbial population of bacterial and decolorization quantities of samples were detected by MPN and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Decolorization efficiency by the bacterial consortium was obtained more than 99% for 50 and 250 mg/L concentrations in 72 and 144 h [3 and 6 days] respectively, while for the initial concentration of 500 mg/L was 98.1in 240 h [10 days] of biodegradation period. Dyestuff reduction rate after completed removal was about 0.69, 1.74,2 mg/L/h for initial concentration of 50, 250, 500 mg/L respectively. Results showed that Alcaligenes denitrificans and Alcaligenes xylosoxidans bacteria which were isolated from activated sludge have good potential of RB-B dyestuff removal and this removal is depending on primary concentration of dye. Removal efficiency increased as primary concentration went up
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The importance of vessel structure has been shown in pathogenesis of the equine and bovine laminitis. Investigation on vessel structures is necessary to diagnose the mechanism of laminitis. Due to lack of literature on ovine digital arteries. Ovine digital vessels were studied using corrosion casting method. The hind limbs of 15 lambs of 3 months ages were separated from tarsus joint. After the dissection of dorsal metatarsal artery, normal saline and resin metacrylat were injected into the vessels. In this species, the dorsal common digital artery and common plantar digital artery have the main function in blood supply. One branch runs to the heel bulb and the other runs to the axial wall and sole. The third branch of these arteries is responsible to blood supply of periople tissue. The common dorsal digital artery and abaxial proper digital artery drain all venous blood from the claw. The dorsal proper digital artery arises from the numerous smaller veins which are joined to form the deep and superficial venous networks of coronary margin and wall. This vein delivers blood to the common dorsal digital artery. The axial proper plantar vein drained into the abaxial proper plantar vein. Two main vessels which arise from venous network of wall, sole and plantar surface of the bulb, drain into the abaxial proper plantar vein
Subject(s)
Animals , Sheep/anatomy & histology , Hoof and Claw/blood supply , Corrosion Casting , Horses/bloodABSTRACT
The increasing evidences show that global depletion of stratospheric ozone layer is caused by pollutant and growing incidence of the skin cancer and cataract is related to the amounts of solar UV radiation reaching the earth's surface. Therefore, the main driving force behind such efforts has been the lack of an appropriate network in scope monitoring of the terrestrial UV radiation. The present work was performed at Khorram Abad province, Lorestan, Iran. Khorram Abad [48°, 21, E and 30°, 23, N] is approximately 1171m above the mean sea level. UV radiation was measured using a UV-Biometer Model 501, from November 2005 till November 2006. Hourly average UV-index, the effective power and other parameters such as effective UV dose have been "moderate" from April until the end of August 2006 and very low from November till January 2006. However, in some days, the maximum UVI was in the range of "High", especially in May. It was observed that the monthly average hourly UV index values in Khorram Abad were never at the extreme range. Chronic UVB exposure could be the major cause of eye's and skin disease in months from April to August, during which most people's activities were performed outdoor in the province of Lorestan
Subject(s)
Ultraviolet Rays , Beta ParticlesABSTRACT
Background and Purpose: Bili-Check is a simple method used to provide a rapid pain-free and noninvasive transcutaneous estimation of total serum bilirubin. The present study was conducted to compare estimates of serum bilirubin using Bili-Check [TCB] with total serum bilirubin [TSB] values determined in a clinical laboratory
Methods and Materials: This is a dehlive analytical cross-sectional study conducted in Ghaem Hospital NICU from September 2008 to March 2008. With a confidence interval of 95% and test power of 80% 109 neonates were selected through convenient non-randomized sampling as the study sample. TSB was determined in a clinical laboratory using the diazo with photometric method. Then within 10 minutes transcutaneous measurements were performed via Bili-Check. Data analysis was done in SPSS11.5 using correlation coefficient
Results: From 109 neonates included in the study 75 were male [68.8%] and 34 female [31.2%] with an age range of 1 to 26 days. Mean serum Bilirubin was 12.979 and TCB estimate was 12.219. Laboratory findings highly correlated with the results of TCB [r=0.766] [P=0.0001]
Conclusion: Bili-Check has the sufficient adequacy as the measurement and observation device for neonates and can replace serum bilirubinometry in laboratory fro Icteric neonates
ABSTRACT
Background and Purpose: Because of the uncontrolled prevalence of cesarean in Iran and its complications for mother and infant with further social and ethical consequences, this study was conducted to compare the neonatal complications in newborns by cesarean and vaginal delivery
Methods and Materials: This cross-sectional, analytical descriptive study was conducted on infants born at the maternity ward of Imamreza Hospital and Ghaem Hospital in Mashad, Iran. The sample size with the confidence interval of 95% and test power of 80% was estimated to be 770 neonates. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS 11.5 using Student t-test, Mann Whitney U and chi-square test
Results: Vaginal delivery was attempted by 344 women, and 426 women underwent elective cesarean delivery. The two delivery procedures were significantly different [p=0.002]as for the occurrence of RDS, which occurred in 31 cesarean cases [7.3%] and 12 vaginal cases [3.7%]. Also, in 14 cesarean cases [3.4%] and 24 vaginal cases [7%], asphyxia occurred. Transient tachypnea was observed to occur in 14 cesarean cases [3.3%] and 2 vaginal cases [0.6%], and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant [p=0.001]. Hospitalization in NICU was prescribed for 28 cesarean cases [6.6%] and 33 vaginal cases [10.2%], and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant [p=0.001]. Six cesarean cases [1.4%] and 48 vaginal cases [14%] experiences labor disorders, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant [p<0.001]
Conclusion: Fetal complications like RDS, gestational asphyxia and neonatal tachypnea due to cesarean were significantly higher in infants born by cesarean section than those born by vaginal delivery
ABSTRACT
Pseudomonas aeruginosa as an opportunistic pathogen is the most important infectious agent in hospital and has resistance to the common antibiotics. In this study, susceptibility of pseudomonas aeruginosa to quinolones and beta-lactams, and also relation of bacterial capsule and antibiotic resistance were assessed. In this experimental study, 100 strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa from Imam Khomeini hospital were collected and its susceptibility to some of quinolones and beta lactams was determined on the basis of the minimum inhibitory concentration on agar. In order to detection mucoid and non-mucoid strain, capsule was detected by India- ink staining and alginate precipitation methods, and then relation of bacterial capsule and antibiotic resistance was evaluated. MIC method demonstrated 90% susceptibility to ofloxacin, 89% to ciprofloxacin, 59% to nalidixic acid, 43% to ceftizoxime and 39% to ceftriaxone. The susceptibility of these strains was also examined on the basis of disk diffusion agar on moler Hinton medium, and susceptibility to used antibiotics was as following: co-amoxiclave 0%, ceftizoxime 23%, ceftriaxone 29%, carbenicillin 48%, nalidixic acid 50%, Ticarecillin 53%, Ciprofloxacin 36%, ofloxacin 70% and norfloxacin 89%. All strains had alginate capsule and only diameter of capsules was different between strains. This study showed that the method of disc diffusion has less accuracy compared to MIC in determining susceptibility to antibiotics